Chaparral
Common name
N/A
ID
HD0015
Scientific name of the plant
Larrea divaricata, Larrea tridentata
Anatomical part for use
leaf
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Larrea divaricata, commonly known as chaparral, is a small evergreen bush in the family Zygophyllaceae. It is native to arid regions of South America, where it is known as jarilla or jarillo. It was first described in 1800 by the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 4 (Individual reports repeated observed over 5 years among different countries)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
- Making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis : (Source)
- Chaparral-induced toxic hepatitis--California and Texas, 1992 : (Source)
- Toxic acute hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis after consumption of chaparral tablets : (Source)
- Herbal hepatitis: subacute hepatic necrosis secondary to chaparral leaf : (Source)
- Chaparral-induced hepatic injury : (Source)
- Cholestatic hepatitis after ingestion of chaparral leaf: confirmation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy : (Source)
- Chaparral ingestion. The broadening spectrum of liver injury caused by herbal medications : (Source)
- Acute hepatitis induced by ingestion of the herbal medication chaparral : (Source)
- : (Source)
Hepatotoxicity Description
Liver injury attributable to chaparral was first reported in 1990 and subsequently more than two dozen cases of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to chaparral have been published. The time to onset varied from 3 weeks to several years, but was usually within 3 to 12 weeks of starting daily ingestion or increasing the daily dose. The pattern of injury was typically hepatocellular with an acute viral hepatitis-like presentation and marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but minimal increase in alkaline phosphatase. Autoimmune and immunoallergic features were uncommon. Several reported cases have been severe and some have led to emergency liver transplantation. Subclinical cases and serum enzyme elevations without symptoms may occur but have not been well characterized. Despite the several reports of liver injury caused by chaparral, over-the-counter products with chaparral are still available commercially and on the internet. For unclear reasons, there have been no cases of liver injury clearly implicating chaparral published since 2005. (Source: LiverTox)
Common name
N/A
ID
HD0015
Scientific name of the plant
Larrea divaricata, Larrea tridentata
Anatomical part for use
leaf
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Larrea divaricata, commonly known as chaparral, is a small evergreen bush in the family Zygophyllaceae. It is native to arid regions of South America, where it is known as jarilla or jarillo. It was first described in 1800 by the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 4 (Individual reports repeated observed over 5 years among different countries)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
- Making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis : (Source)
- Chaparral-induced toxic hepatitis--California and Texas, 1992 : (Source)
- Toxic acute hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis after consumption of chaparral tablets : (Source)
- Herbal hepatitis: subacute hepatic necrosis secondary to chaparral leaf : (Source)
- Chaparral-induced hepatic injury : (Source)
- Cholestatic hepatitis after ingestion of chaparral leaf: confirmation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy : (Source)
- Chaparral ingestion. The broadening spectrum of liver injury caused by herbal medications : (Source)
- Acute hepatitis induced by ingestion of the herbal medication chaparral : (Source)
- : (Source)
Hepatotoxicity Description
Liver injury attributable to chaparral was first reported in 1990 and subsequently more than two dozen cases of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to chaparral have been published. The time to onset varied from 3 weeks to several years, but was usually within 3 to 12 weeks of starting daily ingestion or increasing the daily dose. The pattern of injury was typically hepatocellular with an acute viral hepatitis-like presentation and marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but minimal increase in alkaline phosphatase. Autoimmune and immunoallergic features were uncommon. Several reported cases have been severe and some have led to emergency liver transplantation. Subclinical cases and serum enzyme elevations without symptoms may occur but have not been well characterized. Despite the several reports of liver injury caused by chaparral, over-the-counter products with chaparral are still available commercially and on the internet. For unclear reasons, there have been no cases of liver injury clearly implicating chaparral published since 2005. (Source: LiverTox)