Glucosamine
Common name
Glucosamine hydrochloride,Glucosamine sulfate
ID
HD0031
Scientific name of the plant
N/A
Anatomical part for use
N/A
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. Produced commercially by the hydrolysis of shellfish exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.Although a common dietary supplement, there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of arthritis or pain, and is not an approved prescription drug. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 4 (Individual reports repeated observed over 5 years among different countries)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
- [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to glucosamine forte] : (Source)
- Acute liver injury associated with the use of herbal preparations containing glucosamine: three case studies : (Source)
- Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease : (Source)
Hepatotoxicity Description
In controlled trials, glucosamine and its combination with chondroitin have not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. In addition, cases of clinically apparent liver injury have not been reported from prospective trials. Recently, several cases reports and small series of clinically apprent liver injury attributed to glucosamine (with or without chondroitin) have been published, but the relationship of glucosamine itself as opposed to other herbals in the implicated products or to potential contaminants, remains unclear and several cases were considered only "possibly" related to glucosamine. The time to onset is usually 1 to 4 weeks after starting the preparation and the pattern of injury is typically hepatocellular or mixed. At least one instance of acute liver failure has been reported. Immunoallergic features (rash, fever, eosinophilia) can occur, but are usually not prominent. Most patients were reported to recover within 4 to 8 weeks of stopping. There have not been instances of rechallenge with glucosamine, and the purity and concentration of glucosamine in the products used have not been reported. (Source: LiverTox)
Common name
Glucosamine hydrochloride,Glucosamine sulfate
ID
HD0031
Scientific name of the plant
N/A
Anatomical part for use
N/A
Human use
Miscellaneous
Summary
Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. Produced commercially by the hydrolysis of shellfish exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.Although a common dietary supplement, there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of arthritis or pain, and is not an approved prescription drug. (Source: Wiki)
Evidence Level
Level 4 (Individual reports repeated observed over 5 years among different countries)
Hepatotoxicity reports in literature
- [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to glucosamine forte] : (Source)
- Acute liver injury associated with the use of herbal preparations containing glucosamine: three case studies : (Source)
- Hepatotoxicity associated with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in patients with chronic liver disease : (Source)
Hepatotoxicity Description
In controlled trials, glucosamine and its combination with chondroitin have not been linked to serum enzyme elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. In addition, cases of clinically apparent liver injury have not been reported from prospective trials. Recently, several cases reports and small series of clinically apprent liver injury attributed to glucosamine (with or without chondroitin) have been published, but the relationship of glucosamine itself as opposed to other herbals in the implicated products or to potential contaminants, remains unclear and several cases were considered only "possibly" related to glucosamine. The time to onset is usually 1 to 4 weeks after starting the preparation and the pattern of injury is typically hepatocellular or mixed. At least one instance of acute liver failure has been reported. Immunoallergic features (rash, fever, eosinophilia) can occur, but are usually not prominent. Most patients were reported to recover within 4 to 8 weeks of stopping. There have not been instances of rechallenge with glucosamine, and the purity and concentration of glucosamine in the products used have not been reported. (Source: LiverTox)